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 This article from today's FT is classic. An excerpt:  “For most of 2009 and 2010, traders ignored sparks in the Middle East, as global production spare capacity was more than enough to cover any potential shortfall. But as demand hits record levels, the market is paying more attention to geopolitics.”

The market’s short-term efficiency undermines its long-run efficiency. If you’re trying to sail from New York to London, you won’t get there by running with the wind, and that’s what creates opportunity.  Value investors have known this for a long time, but the same lesson keeps arising over and over again. (By the way, I’m a huge fan of the FT.)

 

 To the many people I have met on this website over the past two years:

As you can see, it has been two months since I last updated the site. I spent last fall in Dallas during a family medical crisis. My father, Ken Davey, passed away in November, and, since then, I've been attending to family matters most of the time. If I were to write about this experience, it would read more like a black comedy than The Year of Magical Thinking. My Dad had a wit and a well-honed sense of drama, and he's continued to surprise and entertain us weeks after his death. Lately, I've been sorting through the hundreds of books in his collection, and finding little notes and what seem to be coded messages inside some of them that are understandable only to my sister and myself. Creating little puzzles that would harness my detective instincts was so very like my Dad.

The experience of being away from the website also has given me a chance to reflect on the purpose of this blog. When I was a Wall Street analyst, I was rewarded for being intensely curious. I was willing to raise questions and notice financial pattern deviations even when I didn't have the answers to why they were occurring. I tried to combine the "auditor's nose" with observations about the behavioral patterns of the companies I followed and their managements. It has been a pleasure and privilege to take these same skills online. 

With some exceptions, though, this kind of writing really belongs in a different forum that allows for more deeply realized explanations without the pressure of writing in real-time. So while I will keep posting on this blog, I plan to make it briefer, less instructive and more observational, more as a way to spark dialogue than to analyze news in depth.

Partly, this also is because I'm devoting more time to writing the book about investing. This topic has been written about thousands of times before in books and periodicals. Yet the body of work that exists has yet to capture how Warren Buffett really invests. In his own words, he has done this better than anyone -- but as those of you who follow him know -- has done so by giving out broad principles without a lot of specificity. It's a pragmatic strategy -- he doesn't need a "don't try this at home" sticker to warn the bottom 80% of his audience -- but the top 20% could use more information. Moreover, most people who are interested in Buffett's investing style have limited capital. They must act the way he did at the beginning of his career, when every basis point counted and every decision had a huge opportunity cost. Lastly, never in my lifetime have we lived in an era so demanding of good investing skills. Even in the chaos of the 1970s, the world did not face such perils as the era we entered around 2001. I believe that never before in modern times has clarity of purpose and the ability to sort out what is truly important mattered as much. You can't drive from New York to Boston by looking in the rear-view mirror. 

Now, I will post a couple of things and then go write for a while. It's good to be back.

 

 

 David Sokol and Kenny Dichter on CNBC this morning. NetJets is buying Marquis Jet. Makes sense - Marquis was responsible for most of NetJets' growth in recent years. Then NetJets started selling 1/32nds, competing with Marquis, which suggested consolidation inevitable. Most of NetJets sales in past 18 months have been transfer of Marquis customers. Meanwhile Marquis has been returning leased planes to NetJets. The sale solves a mutual problem, allowing Marquis to fold into NetJets without filing for bankruptcy due to competition from its sponsor.

In the same interview, Sokol gave the factoid that Todd Combs will initially be managing a couple of billion dollars. 

Buffett told the New York Times on October 26th that "he had three people in mind as possible candidates for the top post. He said the Berkshire board, which is scheduled to meet in the next few weeks, planned to spend at least half of that next meeting discussing succession."

How to interpret? Buffett is beginning to take back the reins. David Sokol as heir-apparent, all-but-annointed-successor is officially over.  Buffett has said for a long time that there were three candidates, but in the past year has sent unmistakable signals that the front-runner was Sokol - saying that a strong operating manager is the main criteria, for example, and never commenting to the contrary despite story after story portraying Sokol as heir apparent. Still, in characteristic fashion, he never committed to Sokol.

Buffett is beginning a graceful shift. Whether this is happening because of his displeasure at being, in effect, prematurely pushed out of the way, or because he's unhappy with the situation at NetJets, or for some other reason, is unclear. Sokol recently told the Columbus Dispatch that, contrary to what he had said earlier, he will be remaining on at NetJets as CEO past year-end. One could reasonably infer that his services are needed there.

 

From Buffett's heir apparent and CIO of Berkshire to "being tested" and running "a small part of the portfolio" in just a few days.

You'll recall that the original announcement about Combs didn't define the scope of his activities but implied that he would be the next CIO of Berkshire. Buffett told the Wall Street Journal that Combs is "not going to take over the whole investment function as long as I'm around... I have this dual position as CEO and CIO and I will remain in that." The Journal continued: "The surprise announcement came after two candidates—including Chinese-American hedge fund manager Li Lu, and another individual Mr. Buffett was interested in — took themselves out of the running for the job, Mr. Buffett said." Readers of these sentences assumed, appropriately, that "the job" meant that Combs would take over the whole investment function once Buffett was not around.

However, with Buffett you must always be precise and literal in reading his words. He did not say that Combs would become CIO when he was gone. He merely said that Combs would NOT become CIO while he retained the job. He never said what job exactly, Combs had been his third choice for. He never said anything specific about what Combs would be doing. He did say that Combs will oversee a portfolio of a size that Buffett "feels comfortable with" and "scale up until he has a chance to get fully invested." The size and timing could be, literally, anything.

All of this left Buffett plenty of running room to react to the reaction to Combs' appointment.  The reasoning behind it, at least as described --  "gut check," he's "All-American," he's enamored of Berkshire, fits with culture, he likes football, etc. -- and Combs' light qualifications played poorly with investors, who were expecting more rigorous qualifications for the person who will be in charge of one of the world's largest investment portfolios.  Commentary on the appointment has been almost universally negative.

Now comes Andy Bary of Barron's, who states as fact that: "Combs initially will run a small part of the Berkshire portfolio, with Buffett continuing to oversee all investments. This will let him assess Combs." These facts can only have been leaked by Berkshire. Bary goes on to say that, "In the post-Buffett Berkshire, the CEO is apt to be much more important than the chief investment officer because most of the company's profits now come from more than 60 wholly owned businesses...Berkshire's equity portfolio accounts for about 25% of its stock-market value; now $205 billion. In the mid-1990s, the figure was above 60%. Buffett prefers to buy companies, rather than stocks, because he then controls all the profits, instead of simply getting dividends...IF [emphasis added] Combs does ultimately run Berkshire's investments, big changes are unlikely, partly because longtime holdings, such as American Express, Coca-Cola and Procter & Gamble, have large embedded gains and would incur heavy taxes if sold. Combs also will have to broaden his focus beyond financial stocks."

What a difference a few days make. Suddenly Todd Combs will have to prove himself, learn new skills, and will only run a small part of the portfolio. Besides, the job of investing $10 billion a year of Berkshire cash flow and running a $25 billion portfolio which includes investments that require tricky decisions such as how to time sale decisions given large embedded capital gains, isn't really all that important.

Genworth Financial was IPO'd by General Electric during the era when it was dressing up its insurance pigs and trotting them out the door, er, that is, shedding itself of underperforming insurance operations. The stock has been a stinker ever since, and is currently trading at a little over half its IPO price. Listen, if you're in the mood to be heartily entertained, to the "epic take-down" this quarter of Genworth's management by Steve Eisman of Frontpoint, who was recently made famous in The Big Short. I used to work with Steve, and this is vintage Eisman.

This clip all by itself explains why it raised eyebrows when Genworth showed up in Todd Combs' portfolio. Genworth is a most un-Buffett-like investment. Despite its nominally cheap price, this is a lousy company that sells products Buffett doesn't care for and has avoided selling at Berkshire's insurance operations (long-term care insurance, life insurance, mortgage insurance) even though he's made some money on the life reinsurance side. Positions like this don't necessarily mean that Combs thinks Genworth is a great company; rather he's hedging the risk through his short book. So far this strategy has worked out fine, albeit with a small portfolio.

This is not the way Buffett and Simpson ran money, so there's a message in the choice that is worth contemplating. The process of choosing Combs vs. someone else seemed rushed, but Buffett and Munger obviously understand how he invests, and somebody with this style and background is what they wanted. It appears they either lack confidence in asset managers' ability to find the grand "moat" stocks that made Berkshire's fortune -- or else, lack confidence in the economy's ability to supply them.

Today, blog readers have been debating the use of anonymity by commentators on this site. There's something important that you should know in addition to the site's ground rules. Some time ago I instituted a system that requires users to log in with a valid email address that has been verified in order to post on this site. All comments are reviewed before being posted. What this means is that comments that appear anonymous to you, as  blog readers, are *not* anonymous to the site administrator, and have been reviewed. These are important safeguards. They assure us that people who post here can be contacted and asked to verify their claims. Postings can be taken down if the author doesn't respond. With a system like this, people are more likely to be truthful and write things that are responsible.

When you post a comment, you'll see a notice that unless your email address has been verified the comment can't be approved. It's easy to register on the site and provide a valid email address. Thanks for your cooperation with a policy that improves the experience of all site users.

Bill Gross of Pimco has written a couple of letters recently that really hit the economic nail on its soft little head. Well worth pondering: a few excerpts from his letter on asset returns.

"[Stan Druckenmiller’s fund closing and  Ken] Griffin’s price-cutting [of his fees] are reflective of a broader trend in the capital markets, one which saw the availability of cheap financing drive asset prices to unsustainable heights during the dotcom and housing bubble of the past decade, and then suffered the slings and arrows of a liquidity crisis in 2008 to date. Similarly, liquidity at a discount drove lots of other successful business models over the past 25 years: housing, commercial real estate, investment banking, goodness – dare I say, investment management – but for them, its destination is more likely to be a semi-permanent rest stop than a freeway. The New Normal has a new set of rules. What once pumped asset prices and favored the production of paper, as opposed to things, is now in retrograde....

Even the wildest bulls on Wall Street and worldwide bourses would be hard-pressed to manufacture 12% equity returns from nominal GDP growth of 2 to 3%. The hard cold reality … is that [“Old Normal”] prosperity and overconsumption was driven by asset inflation that in turn was leverage and interest rate correlated. With deleveraging the fashion du jour, and yields about as low as they are going to go, prosperity requires another foundation....

What the U.S. economy needs to do in order to return to the “old” normal is to recreate nominal GDP growth of 5%, the majority of which likely comes from inflation. Inflation is the classic “coin shaving” technique of government since the Roman Empire. In modern parlance, you print money faster than required, pray that the private sector will spend it to generate investment and consumption, and then worry about the consequences in a later decade....

Investors will likely not know whether the mouse has grabbed for the cheese for several years forward. In the meantime, they are faced with 2.5% yielding bonds and stocks staring straight into new normal real growth rates of 2% or less. There is no 8% there for pension funds. There are no stocks for the long run at 12% returns. And the most likely consequence of stimulative government policies that strain to get us there will be a declining dollar and a lower standard of living. Stan Druckenmiller is leaving, and with good reason. A future of low investment returns, and a heap of trouble for those expecting more, is what lies ahead"

 

Following is detail of Todd Combs' historical performance by year and inception to date compared to indices (as provided by his fund's report to partners).  This information is very revealing; as you can see, he outperformed the S&P and SPDR financial index by a wide margin but the details tell a story.  Most of the performance came from the short portfolio. This raises the question of how Berkshire's tens of billions of assets will be managed.

Buffett and Munger seem to be looking for a manager who can win by playing defense. This may be a rational strategy for Berkshire going forward. Investors should understand that it differs markedly from Buffett's own style, which was 1) essentially long-only; 2) usually was positive in both up and down markets. Also, winning by playing defense has succeeded in a volatile market in which there has been no strong central upward trend to support a long-oriented strategy. You might ask why Buffett and Munger have chosen a manager who would excel in such an environment. I've said it once, and I'll say it again -- Buffett is not as bullish as he sometimes sounds.

Historical Performance 2010 Performance
                          2006          2007        2008           2009              2010
                         Full Year  Full Year    Full Year     Full Year       YTD      Incept. To Date
Long                   19.99%     (9.14%)      (32.50%)     20.55%        6.48%       (3.35%)
Short                  (0.87%)     35.56%       36.68%     (12.39%)      (4.81%)      54.24%
Mgmt. Fee/Exp.   (1.90%)     (1.74%)      (1.66%)      (1.65%)      (0.55%)      (7.69%)
Gross                 16.97%      23.63%       (5.68%)        6.27%         0.97%       50.09%
Net                     13.58%      18.95%      (5.68%)        6.23%         0.78%        39.20%
XLF*                    18.89%   (19.19%)    (54.97%)      17.61%      (12.48%)    (40.03%)
S&P 500               15.79%      5.49%     (37.00%)      26.47%         7.05%          8.17%

* SPDR Select Fund -- Financials

Passed along by a friend & compiled by Absolute Return (note because of rounding and nearly indecipherable fax some of these may be off by a few tenths but nearly all are correct and totals are correct):

                     2005       2006        2007       2008        2009        2010

January                         0.82%      1.40%       3.95%      2.47%     -0.37%

February                       1.28%      1.36%      -0.20%      2.96%      0.04%

March                           2.32%     -0.98%      -1.13%     -0.24%     1.07%

April                             0.54%      1.43%      -1.24%     -5.12%      0.05%

May                             -0.06%      1.50%       3.26%     -0.18%     -5.48%

June                             0.12%       0.14%     -0.02%      0.97%     -2.87%

July                             -0.13%      1.35%      -2.34%      1.66%     1.99%

August                          4.36%      1.78%       1.67%      2.91%      0.33%

September                    2.14%       0.49%     -9.17%      1.55%      1.47%

October                        1.76%       9.19%     -1.40%     -1.32%

November       1.24%   -0.02%       2.71%      0.26%      0.06%

December       0.80%   -0.24%      -2.48%      1.22%      0.62%

Total             2.05%   13.56%   18.95%    -5.68%    6.23%    -3.93%